Somali
Natural mutation of the Abyssinian; fully recognized by CFA, TICA, and FIFe. · Despite the name, they do not originate from Somalia. They are the long-haired version of the Abyssinian, which originated in the coastal regions of the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia. The Somali breed was specifically developed in the United States and Canada in the 1960s.
Also known as: Somali cat, Fox Cat, Long-haired Abyssinian
Breed Group
Natural mutation of the Abyssinian; fully recognized by CFA, TICA, and FIFe.
Size & Weight
Adult males typically weigh 8-12 lbs; females weigh 6-10 lbs. They are medium in size but long-bodied, with a tail that matches the body length.
Lifespan
Typical lifespan is 12-15 years. Seniors remain relatively active but may require joint supplements and more frequent dental checkups as they age.
Activity Level
Very high. They need vertical space (cat trees) and interactive play. They are excellent problem-solvers and can often learn to open cabinets or turn on faucets.
Description
The Somali is often described as a 'Little Fox' due to its bushy tail, large ears, and vibrant ticked coat. It is an elegant yet sturdy cat that combines the wild look of a forest predator with a deeply affectionate and playful domestic nature. It is the perfect companion for an active household that wants a cat capable of learning tricks and joining in family activities.
Key Features
Ticked agouti coat, bushy 'fox-like' tail, dark 'eye-liner' markings around almond eyes, and a horizontal 'necklace' of color is often missing or broken, unlike other tabbies.
Physical Description
The Somali is a well-proportioned, medium-sized cat with a firm, muscular build (semi-foreign type). It features a modified wedge-shaped head with soft contours, a long neck, and a lithe, athletic body that gives an impression of agility. The muzzle is neither pointed nor square, and the cat appears to be standing 'on tiptoe' due to its long, slim legs and oval paws.
Coat & Coloration
The coat is medium-long, soft, and extremely fine in texture. It is famously ticked (agouti), meaning each hair has multiple bands of color. The specimen in the image appears to be the 'Ruddy' variation, which features an orange-brown ground color ticked with black. Other colors include Red (Sorrel), Blue, and Fawn.
Coat Care
Despite the long hair, the coat does not mat easily because of its fine texture. Brushing 2-3 times a week is sufficient. They shed moderately, with heavier shedding during seasonal changes in spring and fall.
Eye Characteristics
Large, almond-shaped, and set wide apart. Colors range from gold to rich green, accented by 'mascara' dark lid lines surrounded by a lighter colored area.
Ear Characteristics
Large, alert, and moderately pointed. They are broad at the base and set towards the back of the head. Often feature 'tufts' or 'furnishings' inside and sometimes lynx-like tips at the top.
Personality & Temperament
Highly intelligent, active, and curious. They are known as 'social butterflies' who want to be involved in everything their owner does. They are not typical lap cats; they prefer to be in motion, exploring heights and playing with water.
Compatibility
Excellent with children and other pets, including dogs, provided they are socialized. They do not like being left alone for long periods and thrive in multi-pet or busy households.
Diet & Nutrition
As an active breed, they require high-quality protein to maintain muscle mass. Controlled portions are recommended as they are food-motivated. A mix of wet and dry food is ideal for hydration and dental health.
Health Considerations
Generally healthy but can be prone to Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKD), Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), and dental issues like gingivitis. Regular veterinary screenings and dental cleanings are essential.
Life Stages
Slow to reach full coat maturity, which can take up to two years. Kittens are highly energetic and 'mouthy,' exploring the world with their paws and teeth. Adulthood brings a more focused intelligence.
Care Recommendations
Provide plenty of mental stimulation like puzzle feeders. Ensure they have access to high perches. Keep them indoors to protect their striking coat and ensure their safety due to their fearless curiosity.
History & Origin
The long-hair gene was likely introduced to the Abyssinian gene pool in early 20th-century England through crossbreeding with unidentified long-haired cats. It gained championship status in the CFA in 1979.
Interesting Facts
The breed was originally an 'accident' in Abyssinian litters; breeders used to hide the long-haired kittens until a judge named Ken McGill decided to promote them as a separate breed in the 1960s.
Similar Breeds
Often confused with the Abyssinian (which has a short coat) or the Maine Coon (which is much larger and has a different head shape). The Somali is distinguished by the combination of a semi-foreign body and a long, ticked coat.
Photography Tips
Capture them in profile to show the modified wedge head or from behind to showcase the 'fox' tail. Use natural light to make the multi-toned bands of the ticked coat shimmer.